There are seven main sheep breeds in Algeria, partly investigated by their polymorphism using microsatellite and SNP markers by recent authors. The aim of this work is to determine the phylogenetic origin of the three breeds endemic to... more
There are seven main sheep breeds in Algeria, partly investigated by their polymorphism using microsatellite and SNP markers by recent authors. The aim of this work is to determine the phylogenetic origin of the three breeds endemic to this country, e.g. Ouled Djellal, Rembi and Berbère, using the sequences of the whole Control Region of mitochondrial DNA. These three breeds are thin-tailed: Ouled Djellal or Arabic sheep of the steppe is the most important breed in Algeria in term of population size; Rembi or sheep of the Saharan Atlas differs from the previous one by its larger spiral horns reminding the mouflon; Berbère or sheep of the Tell Atlas mountain has a smaller body size than both previous ones and considered as close to the ancestor of the sheep of North Africa. The 23 sequences of these animals were included in a dataset containing 320 sequences of 28 breeds (haplogroups A, B, C, D, and E) to assess their phylogenic position. It appears that 87% of Algerian individuals belong to haplogroup B, the rest to haplogroup C, only recorded among Ouled Djellal breed. Given the scattered position of Algerian individuals within the tree, Minor Allele Frequencies of each breed were calculated to construct a distance tree and a network through Reduced Median method. These data were used to estimate the divergence dates of the endemic Algerian breeds, indicating that they appeared through three independent migration events and not through local differentiations following only one migration event. Ouled Djellal breed would be the latest to come from Middle-East, a fact supported by the significant percentage of C haplotype in our sampling.
Obesity is characterized by iron deficiency, carbohydrate and fat alterations as well as oxidative stress. Iron status monitoring is recommended because of the conventional oral iron preparations that frequently exacerbate the already... more
Obesity is characterized by iron deficiency, carbohydrate and fat alterations as well as oxidative stress. Iron status monitoring is recommended because of the conventional oral iron preparations that frequently exacerbate the already present oxidative stress. Iron complexation by natural antioxidants can be exploited. We herein investigated the metabolic effects of quercetin (25 mg/kg/day), iron (2.5 mg Fe/kg/day) or quercetin-iron complexes (molar ratio 5:1; 25 mg/2.5 mg/kg/day) in animal models of obesity. Our results emphasized that obese rats displayed metabolic alterations that were worsened by iron supplementation. In contrast, quercetin used alone or as iron complex clearly prevented adipose fat accumulation and alleviated the hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, liver steatosis and oxidative stress. In addition, it induced a modulation of lipase activities in obese rats. Interestingly, quercetin-iron complexes showed enhanced beneficial effects such as a corrected iron deficiency in obese rats when compared to quercetin alone. In conclusion, antianemic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects of the quercetin-iron complexes shed a light on their beneficial use against obesity-related metabolic alterations.
